一種基于無(wú)人機(jī)與智能反射面的隱蔽通信系統(tǒng)研究

劉學(xué)敏; 錢玉文; 宋耀良; 束鋒; 陳魁宇; 朱捷偉

doi:10.11999/JEIT240663

一種基于無(wú)人機(jī)與智能反射面的隱蔽通信系統(tǒng)研究

doi: 10.11999/JEIT240663 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT240663

1.
南京理工大學(xué)電子工程與光電技術(shù)學(xué)院南京 210094
2.
海南大學(xué)信息與通信工程學(xué)院海口 570228
3.
南京郵電大學(xué)電子與光學(xué)工程學(xué)院、柔性電子(未來(lái)技術(shù))學(xué)院南京 210042
4.
中國(guó)聯(lián)合網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信有限公司蘇州市分公司蘇州 215100

基金項(xiàng)目: 國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃“政府間國(guó)際科技創(chuàng)新合作”重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)(2022YFE0122300)

詳細(xì)信息

作者簡(jiǎn)介:
劉學(xué)敏：男，實(shí)驗(yàn)師，研究方向?yàn)殡娐放c系統(tǒng)，通信信號(hào)處理等

錢玉文：男，副教授，研究方向?yàn)闊o(wú)線、量子隱蔽通信，智能通信等

宋耀良：男，教授，研究方向?yàn)槿斯る姶懦牧?，現(xiàn)代信號(hào)處理技術(shù)等

束鋒：男，教授，研究方向?yàn)橹悄軣o(wú)線通信，智能無(wú)線信息安全傳輸?shù)?/p>
陳魁宇：男，講師，研究方向?yàn)殡娮訉?duì)抗，智能無(wú)線通信等

朱捷偉：男，工程師，研究方向?yàn)橹悄軣o(wú)線通信，5G等

通訊作者:
錢玉文　admon@njust.edu.cn

中圖分類號(hào): TN918.82
計(jì)量
- 文章訪問(wèn)數(shù): 529
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 201
- PDF下載量: 92
- 被引次數(shù): 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-29
- 修回日期: 2024-12-01
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期: 2024-12-09
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-28

An Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Covert Communication System with a Cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

1.
School of Electronic and Opticcal Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2.
School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
3.
College of Electronic and Opticcal Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210094, China
4.
China United Network Communication Group Co., Ltd. Suzhou Branch, Suzhou 215100, China

Funds: The Key Special Project of “Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation” in the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFE0122300)

摘要

摘要: 隱蔽通信可以在被監(jiān)控的情況下安全傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，是網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全領(lǐng)域重要分支。然而，實(shí)際通信系統(tǒng)具有通信環(huán)境復(fù)雜、覆蓋范圍廣等特點(diǎn)，這使得隱蔽通信很難部署。為此，該文提出一種基于智能反射面(IRS)與無(wú)人機(jī)(UAV)輔助的無(wú)線隱蔽通信系統(tǒng)。引入智能反射面作為中繼節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)發(fā)送者的信號(hào)，使用無(wú)人機(jī)作為發(fā)送者的友元節(jié)點(diǎn)，該友元節(jié)點(diǎn)通過(guò)發(fā)送人工噪聲來(lái)干擾惡意用戶對(duì)隱蔽通信的檢測(cè)。在監(jiān)聽(tīng)者接收噪聲不確定的情況下，推導(dǎo)了最小錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)概率，并與中斷概率作為約束，以最大化隱蔽通信速率為目標(biāo) ，建立了系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化問(wèn)題，采用Dinkelbach算法求解。仿真結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)智能反射陣元的相位、干擾無(wú)人機(jī)的發(fā)射能量取得最優(yōu)時(shí)，所提系統(tǒng)的隱蔽通信速率比單獨(dú)配置智能反射面的無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng)平均提高了37.9%，比單獨(dú)配置無(wú)人機(jī)的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)速率提高了1.17倍。
- 信息安全 /
- 隱蔽通信 /
- 智能反射面 /
- 無(wú)人機(jī)
Abstract: Objective: Covert communication is a crucial area within network security, facilitating secure data transmission in monitored environments. Nevertheless, practical communication systems face challenges such as complex communication environments and extensive coverage areas. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gained popularity in both commercial and military applications due to their flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and diverse applications. Additionally, Intelligent Reflection Surface (IRS)-assisted wireless communications have attracted significant attention, as IRS can be deployed in hostile communication environments while ensuring reliable transmission. Consequently, the exploration of hybrid IRS and UAV systems for the design of covert wireless communication systems presents a promising research avenue. Methods: This paper proposes a wireless covert communication system enhanced by an IRS and a UAV. In this configuration, the IRS functions as a relay node to transmit signals from the transmitter. The UAV serves as a cooperative relay node, facilitating not only the forwarding of covert messages to the intended receiver but also generating artificial noise to impede the detection of covert communication by malicious users. Under conditions of uncertainty regarding the received noise at the receiver, the minimum error detection probability is derived, and the system optimization problem is formulated with the objective of maximizing the covert communication rate while treating interruption probability as a constraint. Subsequently, the Dinkelbach-based approach is utilized to address the optimization problem. Results and Discussions: The key contributions of this research are as follows. First, a wireless covert communication system is developed using an IRS and an UAV. In this system, the IRS forwards covert messages from the transmitter to the receiver, while the UAV disrupts potential adversaries attempting to intercept secure communications. The integration of the IRS improves the covert communication rate, and the UAV-assisted design provides flexibility for deployment across diverse environments. The transmitter serves as the coordinator, managing both the UAV and IRS by transmitting control commands and collecting operational parameters. Second, the minimum detection error probability is derived under conditions of receiver uncertainty regarding noise, with the coordinates of the UAV and the transmitter assumed to be known. This derivation includes calculations of the False Alarm Probability (FAP) and the Missed Detection Probability (MDP) associated with the monitoring process. Third, a joint optimization problem is formulated to maximize the covert rate of the communication system. This problem optimizes the UAV’s trajectory, the IRS phase, and the transmit power while satisfying constraints related to the derived minimum detection error probability, maximum transmit power, and UAV mobility. The problem is restructured into a convex formulation by dividing it into two steps: optimization of the transmit power and UAV trajectory. Fourth, an iterative algorithm is developed to address the optimization challenge, employing the Successive Convex Approximation (SCA) and Dinkelbach methods. The Dinkelbach method is used to reformulate the upper bound of the optimization variables into a convex problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximum covert rate is achieved when the IRS phase, UAV trajectory, and transmit power are jointly optimized. Conclusions: In conclusion, the research establishes the implementation of an IRS-aided covert communication system utilizing a cooperative UAV, suitable for deployment in complex environments. Additionally, a closed-form expression for the Directly Emitted Power (DEP) of covert communication for the monitoring device has been derived, taking into account the uncertainty of transmit power. A joint optimization problem has been formulated to optimize the phases of the IRS units, the jamming power of the UAV, and the transmitting power of the transmitter, while satisfying constraints related to the optimal DEP of Willie, the transmit power of the transmitter, and the transmit power of the AN. Simulation results indicate that the system’s covertness and covert rate improve with an increased number of IRS units, extended UAV flight time, and higher interference power. Future research should also explore the deployment of this system in complex environments, focusing on the dynamic adjustment of the IRS phase units in conjunction with UAVs.
- Information security /
- Covert communication /
- Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) /
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

HTML全文

圖 1 無(wú)人機(jī)輔助IRS隱蔽通信系統(tǒng)

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 無(wú)人機(jī)軌跡優(yōu)化圖

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 平均傳輸速率隨各參數(shù)變化仿真圖

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 UAV不同飛行時(shí)間仿真圖

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

1 基于SCA和Dinkelbach技術(shù)的交替優(yōu)化算法

(1) 初始化，R_B,0, $ \eta $和迭代索引參數(shù)k=1；
(2) 利用式(26)得到最優(yōu)$ {\boldsymbol{\varTheta}} $。
(3) 重復(fù)
(4) 通過(guò)得到$ \left( {{{\boldsymbol{Q}}_{k - 1}},{\boldsymbol{\varTheta}} } \right) $，解決式(33)更新$ \left( {{P_k},{{\hat P}_{{\text{U}},k}}} \right) $；
(5) 根據(jù)求出的$ \left( {{P_k},{{\hat P}_{{\text{U}},k}}} \right) $，利用式(31)更新因子$ \eta $；
(6) 通過(guò)得到的$ \left( {{\boldsymbol{\varTheta}} ,{P_k},{{\hat P}_{{\text{U}},k}}} \right) $，利用式(24a)更新R_B,k；
(7) 設(shè)置k$ \leftarrow $k+1；
(8) 直到$ \left\| {{R_{{\mathrm{B}},k}} - {R_{{\mathrm{B}},k - 1}}} \right\| \le \kappa $。

下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV

表 1 仿真的具體參數(shù)設(shè)置

參數(shù)	參數(shù)描述	取值
N	無(wú)人機(jī)飛行時(shí)間	30 s
T	無(wú)人機(jī)飛行時(shí)隙個(gè)數(shù)	30
L	每個(gè)時(shí)隙持續(xù)時(shí)間	1 s
H	無(wú)人機(jī)的固定飛行高度	50 m
M	智能反射面反射單元個(gè)數(shù)	30
V_max	無(wú)人機(jī)的最大飛行速度	50 m/s
D	無(wú)人機(jī)每個(gè)時(shí)隙最大移動(dòng)距離	50 m
β₀	信道距離為1米時(shí)的信道增益	–50 dB
$ \alpha $	路徑損耗指數(shù)	2.2
D	天線間距	$ {\lambda \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {\lambda 2}} \right. } 2} $
P_max	Alice的發(fā)射功率上限	1 W
$ {\hat P_{{\text{U}},\max }} $	無(wú)人機(jī)的最大AN功率上限	1 W
$ \sigma _{\text{W}}^2 $	Willie處噪聲功率方差	–120 dBm
$ \sigma _{\text{B}}^2 $	Bob處噪聲功率方差	–120 dBm
$ \varepsilon $	Willie確定所需隱蔽性的特定值	0.01
$ \kappa $	循環(huán)閾值	10^–5
w_B	Bob的地面坐標(biāo)(m)	[–100,100]^T
w_W	Willie的地面坐標(biāo)(m)	[100,100]^T
w_A	基站的地面坐標(biāo)(m)	[–100,0]^T
q_A	無(wú)人機(jī)起點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)(m)	[–300,20]^T
q_F	無(wú)人機(jī)終點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)(m)	[300,20]^T

下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV

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