基于頻域稀疏壓縮感知的星載SAR稀疏重航過(guò)3維成像

田鶴; 于海鋒; 朱宇; 劉磊; 張潤(rùn)寧; 袁莉; 李道京; 周凱

doi:10.11999/JEJT190638

基于頻域稀疏壓縮感知的星載SAR稀疏重航過(guò)3維成像

doi: 10.11999/JEJT190638 cstr: 32379.14.JEJT190638

1.
電磁散射重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室北京 100854
2.
中國(guó)空間技術(shù)研究院總體設(shè)計(jì)部北京 100094
3.
中國(guó)科學(xué)院電子學(xué)研究所微波成像技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室北京 100190

基金項(xiàng)目: 第五屆高分辨率對(duì)地觀測(cè)學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)青年創(chuàng)新基金

詳細(xì)信息

作者簡(jiǎn)介:
田鶴：女，1991年生，工程師，研究方向?yàn)槔走_(dá)信號(hào)處理、雷達(dá)成像識(shí)別和目標(biāo)特性研究

于海鋒：男，1978年生，研究員，研究方向?yàn)槲⒉ㄟb感

朱宇：男，1978年生，研究員，研究方向?yàn)槲⒉ㄟb感

劉磊：男，1985年生，高級(jí)工程師，研究方向?yàn)槲⒉ㄟb感

張潤(rùn)寧：男，1966年生，研究員，研究方向?yàn)槲⒉ㄟb感

袁莉：女，1977年生，研究員，研究方向?yàn)槔走_(dá)目標(biāo)識(shí)別

李道京：男，1964年生，研究員，博士生導(dǎo)師，研究方向?yàn)槔走_(dá)系統(tǒng)，微波成像，信號(hào)處理方面

周凱：男，1995年生，博士生，研究方向?yàn)槔走_(dá)信號(hào)處理

通訊作者:
李道京　lidj@mail.ie.ac.cn

中圖分類號(hào): TN959.74
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-26
- 修回日期: 2020-05-05
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期: 2020-05-16
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-18

Sparse Flight 3-D Imaging of Spaceborne SAR Based on Frequency Domain Sparse Compressed Sensing

1.
Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Scattering Laboratory, Beijing 100854, China
2.
General Design Department, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Microwave Imaging, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Funds: Youth Innovation Fund of 5th China High Resolution Earth Observation Conference

摘要

摘要:
星載合成孔徑雷達(dá)(SAR)稀疏重航過(guò)3維成像技術(shù)通過(guò)交軌向的多次飛行觀測(cè)，獲得觀測(cè)場(chǎng)景的第3維分辨。該文給出了單顆衛(wèi)星SAR稀疏重航過(guò)軌道分布，為有效縮短重訪時(shí)間，同時(shí)給出了編隊(duì)雙星SAR軌道分布，對(duì)應(yīng)的交軌向等效孔徑長(zhǎng)度為20 km。提出了一種基于干涉處理和頻域壓縮感知(CS)的稀疏3維成像方法，利用稀疏重航過(guò)中的部分回波形成參考3維復(fù)圖像，對(duì)待重建SAR 3維圖像信號(hào)進(jìn)行干涉處理，使信號(hào)在頻域具備稀疏性。在大軌道分布范圍下，建立頻域距離向-交軌向線性測(cè)量矩陣，利用CS理論聯(lián)合求解稀疏表征下的圖像頻譜，避免交軌向和距離向的回波信號(hào)耦合。將求解所得頻譜逆變換至空間域，可得到觀測(cè)場(chǎng)景的3維圖像重建結(jié)果。仿真結(jié)果表明，該文方法在稀疏采樣率74.4%條件下，仍可獲得與滿采樣成像性能相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)果，驗(yàn)證了干涉處理頻域稀疏方法在星載SAR 3維成像中的有效性。
- 星載SAR /
- 稀疏重航過(guò) /
- 編隊(duì)衛(wèi)星 /
- 壓縮感知 /
- 干涉處理
Abstract:
The space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sparse flight three-dimensional (3-D) imaging technology through the multiple observations in cross-track direction obtains the 3-D spatial distribution of the observed scene. In this paper, the orbit distribution of single satellite SAR sparse flight is given. In order to shorten effectively the satellite revisit time, the formation of double star SAR orbit distribution is given. The corresponding cross-track equivalent aperture length is 20 km. A sparse 3-D imaging method based on interferometry and compressed sensing is proposed. The referential complex image is formed by using part of the echoes of the sparse flight, and the SAR 3-D image signals which are to be reconstruct are processed by interferometry. This method makes the signal sparse in the frequency domain. Under the large orbit distribution range, the frequency domain range direction and cross-track linear measurement matrix is established, which is beneficial to the Compressed Sensing(CS) theory to solve jointly the image frequency spectrum under sparse representation, and avoid the echoes coupling between the range and cross-track direction. Inversely transforming the resulting spectrum into the spatial domain, the reconstruction result can be obtained. Simulation results show that under the condition of sparse sampling rate of 74.4%, the imaging performance of the proposed method is still comparable to that of full sampling.
- Space-borne SAR /
- Sparse flight /
- Satellite formation flying /
- Compressed Sensing (CS) /
- Interferometry

HTML全文

圖 1 星載SAR稀疏重航過(guò)3維成像幾何示意圖

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 單顆衛(wèi)星稀疏重航過(guò)軌道分布情況和10 m天線方向圖分析

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 編隊(duì)雙星稀疏重航過(guò)軌道分布情況和10 m天線方向圖分析

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 180次航過(guò)對(duì)應(yīng)的滿采樣3維BP成像結(jié)果

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 5 單顆衛(wèi)星23次稀疏重航過(guò)對(duì)應(yīng)的3維BP成像結(jié)果

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 6 單顆衛(wèi)星23次稀疏重航過(guò)對(duì)應(yīng)的頻域CS成像結(jié)果

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 7 編隊(duì)雙星23次稀疏重航過(guò)對(duì)應(yīng)的3維BP成像結(jié)果

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 8 編隊(duì)衛(wèi)星23次稀疏重航過(guò)對(duì)應(yīng)的頻域CS成像結(jié)果

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

表 1 衛(wèi)星軌道漂移情況

時(shí)間(d)	0.285479	6.285773	12.28588	18.2858	24.28553	30.28536	36.28558	42.28562
經(jīng)度漂移(km)	0	0.123000	0.180000	0.168000	0.087000	0.043000	0.141000	0.173000
距離漂移(km)	0	13.692300	20.037520	18.701680	9.684800	4.786740	15.696060	19.258280
時(shí)間(d)	48.285470	54.285150	60.285210	66.285380	72.285390	78.285250	84.284980	90.284810
經(jīng)度漂移(km)	0.138000	0.039000	0.079000	0.159000	0.183000	0.152000	0.071000	0.029000
距離漂移(km)	15.362100	4.341462	8.794244	17.699810	20.371480	16.920570	7.903688	3.228267
時(shí)間(d)	96.285010	102.285100	108.285000	114.284900	120.284600	126.284500	132.284700
經(jīng)度漂移(km)	0.119000	0.164000	0.167000	0.128000	0.049000	0.017000	0.117000
距離漂移(km)	13.247030	18.256410	18.590360	14.248900	5.454658	1.892432	13.02439

下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV

表 2 星載重航過(guò)SAR側(cè)視3維成像仿真參數(shù)

參數(shù)	數(shù)值	參數(shù)	數(shù)值
工作波長(zhǎng)$\lambda $	0.03 m	單星軌道最小間隔	111.3 m
發(fā)射信號(hào)帶寬${B_s}$	300 MHz	編隊(duì)雙星間隔	222.6 m
參考平臺(tái)高度$H$	550 km	交軌采樣最小間隔	111.3 m
入射角	45°	交軌等效孔徑長(zhǎng)度	20 km
方位分辨率	1 m	重復(fù)軌道次數(shù)	23
機(jī)載平臺(tái)速度	7 km/s

下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV

表 3 圖像重建結(jié)果誤差分析

觀測(cè)方式	算法	評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)
觀測(cè)方式	算法	圖像熵	相關(guān)系數(shù)	均方根誤差(m)
180次滿采樣重航過(guò)	3維BP成像	0.4532
單顆衛(wèi)星23次稀疏重航過(guò)	3維BP成像	0.7214	0.6566	0.0604
編隊(duì)雙星23次稀疏重航過(guò)	3維BP成像	0.6980	0.7903	0.0453
單顆衛(wèi)星23次稀疏重航過(guò)	空間域CS成像	0.0095	0.5902	0.0432
編隊(duì)雙星23次稀疏重航過(guò)	空間域CS成像	0.0093	0.6094	0.0414
單顆衛(wèi)星23次稀疏重航過(guò)	頻域CS成像	0.0503	0.7843	0.0405
編隊(duì)衛(wèi)星23次稀疏重航過(guò)	頻域CS成像	0.0453	0.8280	0.0296

下載: 導(dǎo)出CSV

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