基于串聯(lián)陣列型磁電天線的甚低頻磁感應(yīng)通信系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

張鋒; 李佳燃; 田玉曉; 徐梓洋; 宮兆前; 莊鑫

doi:10.11999/JEIT250065

基于串聯(lián)陣列型磁電天線的甚低頻磁感應(yīng)通信系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

doi: 10.11999/JEIT250065 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT250065

張鋒^1, ,,
李佳燃^{1, 2},
田玉曉^{1, 2},
徐梓洋^{1, 2},
宮兆前^{1, 3},
莊鑫¹

1.
中國(guó)科學(xué)院空天信息創(chuàng)新研究院電磁輻射與探測(cè)技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室北京 100190
2.
中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)電子電氣與通信工程學(xué)院北京 100049
3.
西北工業(yè)大學(xué)電子信息學(xué)院西安 710072

基金項(xiàng)目: 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(62271470)，國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2021YFA0716500)

詳細(xì)信息

作者簡(jiǎn)介:
張鋒：男，副研究員，研究方向?yàn)槌瑢拵Ю走_(dá)技術(shù)，超寬帶天線技術(shù)，磁感應(yīng)通信技術(shù)等

李佳燃：男，碩士生，研究方向?yàn)榇鸥袘?yīng)通信技術(shù)， FPGA通信算法開發(fā)等

田玉曉：女，碩士生，研究方向?yàn)槌瑢拵炀€技術(shù)，小型化天線等

徐梓洋：男，碩士生，研究方向?yàn)槁曋C振器件、基于壓電磁致伸縮的磁電傳感器件開發(fā)等

宮兆前：男，助理研究員，研究方向?yàn)閿?shù)字信號(hào)處理、信息與通信算法研究等

莊鑫：男，副研究員，研究方向?yàn)楦哽`敏度磁場(chǎng)傳感器，磁電復(fù)合材料/器件，新型電磁輻射與探測(cè)技術(shù)等

通訊作者:
張鋒　zhangfeng002723@aircas.ac.cn

中圖分類號(hào): TN914; TN92
計(jì)量
- 文章訪問數(shù): 91
- HTML全文瀏覽量: 46
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- 被引次數(shù): 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-12
- 修回日期: 2025-05-29
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期: 2025-06-10

Design of a Very Low Frequency Magnetic Induction Communication System Based on a Series-Array Magnetoelectric Antenna

ZHANG Feng^{1
, ,},
LI Jiaran^{1, 2},
TIAN Yuxiao^{1, 2},
XU Ziyang^{1, 2},
GONG Zhaoqian^{1, 3},
ZHUANG Xin¹

1.
The Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Sensing Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
The School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62271470), The National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA0716500)

摘要

摘要: 磁電(ME)天線具有高能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率、小尺寸和輕量化的優(yōu)勢(shì)，在便攜式跨介質(zhì)通信系統(tǒng)中具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。目前，ME天線存在輻射強(qiáng)度較低的問題，限制了系統(tǒng)的通信距離。為解決這一問題，該文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于ME天線陣列的甚低頻(VLF)通信系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的發(fā)射天線是由7個(gè)ME天線單元串聯(lián)組成的發(fā)射陣列，有效提升了輻射強(qiáng)度。ME天線單元采用經(jīng)過表面改性的Fe₈₀Si₉B₁₁層壓材料作為磁致伸縮單元，并結(jié)合Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃(PZT)壓電陶瓷構(gòu)成三明治結(jié)構(gòu)，增強(qiáng)了磁電耦合效率。對(duì)天線陣列施加高驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓，可在1 m距離處產(chǎn)生165 nT的磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度?；谠撎炀€陣列的便攜式磁通信系統(tǒng)采用二進(jìn)制振幅鍵控(BASK)調(diào)制技術(shù)，在高背景噪聲的實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了11.4 m的無(wú)線通信，碼速率為50 bit/s。理論分析表明，該系統(tǒng)的最大誤碼率為0.12%，證明了其良好的抗噪能力。研究結(jié)果表明，基于串聯(lián)陣列型磁電(ME)天線的通信系統(tǒng)在提升通信距離具有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)，為低頻通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展提供了新的思路。
- 低頻通信系統(tǒng) /
- 新型磁電天線 /
- 數(shù)字調(diào)制
Abstract: Objective MagnetoElectric (ME) antennas, recognized for their high energy conversion efficiency and compact structure, have gained attention in portable cross-medium communication systems. In the Very Low Frequency (VLF) range, conventional antennas are typically large and difficult to deploy, whereas mechanical antennas—though smaller—exhibit limited radiation intensity, constraining communication range. To address these limitations, this study proposes a portable VLF magnetic induction communication system based on a series-array ME antenna. By connecting seven ME antenna units in series, the radiated field strength is substantially increased. Through the combination of strong ME coupling and an optimized system design, this work offers a practical solution for compact low-frequency communication. Methods The radiated magnetic flux density of the antenna is evaluated using a small air-core coil (diameter: 50 mm; length: 120 mm) with a gain-500 preamplifier as the receiving antenna. The conversion coefficient T_r of the receiving antenna is calibrated using a standard Helmholtz coil, enabling conversion of the measured voltage to magnetic flux density. The ME antenna is driven by a signal generator and power amplifier, and the magnetic field strength is measured at a distance of 1.2 m under different drive voltages. To balance hardware simplicity and efficient bandwidth usage, Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK) modulation is employed. On the transmitter side, a computer transmits the bitstream to a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which generates the baseband signal and multiplies it by a 27.2 kHz carrier to produce the modulated signal. Following power amplification, the signal directly drives the ME antenna. On the receiver side, the air-core coil receives the transmitted signal, which is subsequently amplified by the preamplifier. A National Instruments (NI) data acquisition module digitizes the signal. Demodulation, including filtering, coherent detection, and symbol decision, is performed on a computer. For laboratory safety and signal stability, the Root Mean Square (RMS) drive voltage is set to 14.8 V, and the symbol rate is fixed at 50 bps. Communication experiments are conducted over distances from 1.2 m to 11.4 m. Results and Discussions (1) Antenna radiation intensity. When the RMS drive voltage of the series-array ME antenna is 180.5 V (25.8 V per unit), the measured magnetic field strength reaches 93.6 nT at 1.2 m and 165 nT at 1.0 m. These values indicate strong performance among acoustically driven ME antennas. The results demonstrate that the combination of ME materials with a seven-element series configuration substantially enhances both ME coupling and radiated field strength. (2) System communication performance. The BASK system operates at 50 bps, matching the measured 111 Hz bandwidth of the ME antenna. The receiving antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 851 Hz at 27.6 kHz, which fully covers the transmitted signal. Due to laboratory space constraints, 128-bit random data are transmitted over distances ranging from 1.2 m to 11.4 m. Even at 11.4 m—where the received signal amplitude falls below 0.004 V—the proposed demodulation scheme successfully recovers the transmitted data. To verify these results, a theoretical model of magnetic field attenuation with distance is fitted to the experimental data, showing strong agreement except for minor deviations attributed to environmental noise. Noise spectrum analysis within a 100 Hz bandwidth centered at 27.2 kHz indicates a maximum environmental noise level of approximately 4.41 pT, resulting in a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 12.65 dB at 11.4 m. Based on the theoretical relationship between SNR and Bit Error Rate (BER) for coherent ASK, the maximum BER under these conditions is approximately 0.12%, consistent with the measured performance. Conclusions This study presents a VLF magnetic induction communication system based on a series-array ME antenna, with the ME antenna serving as the transmitter and an air-core coil as the receiver. A standard Helmholtz coil circuit is used to calibrate the conversion coefficient between received voltage and magnetic flux density. The radiated magnetic field strength is characterized by varying the ME antenna’s drive voltage. Notably, at an RMS drive voltage of 180.5 V, the ME antenna generates a magnetic induction of 165 nT at a distance of 1 m. Laboratory communication experiments confirm that, with a drive voltage of 14.8 V, ASK transmission achieves a range of 11.4 m at a symbol rate of 50 bps. In a high-noise environment with an in-band noise level of 4.41 pT, the system achieves a BER of 0.12%, consistent with theoretical predictions and confirming the reliability of the demodulation process. These results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of ME antennas for compact, low-frequency magnetic communication. Further performance improvements may be achieved by (1) operating in low-noise environments and (2) increasing the drive voltage to enhance radiation strength by up to a factor of 6.4.
- Low-frequency communication systems /
- Novel MagnetoElectric (ME) antennas /
- Digital modulation

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圖 1 不同退火溫度和時(shí)間的Fe₈₀Si₉B₁₁帶材參數(shù)

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 磁電復(fù)合材料的三明治結(jié)構(gòu)

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圖 3 磁電天線陣列內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)圖(部分)

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圖 4 接收線圈天線的轉(zhuǎn)換系數(shù)測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn)

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圖 5 ME天線陣列輻射磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn)

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圖 6 基于串聯(lián)型ME天線陣列的磁通信系統(tǒng)框圖與設(shè)備

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圖 7 磁通信系統(tǒng)的ASK調(diào)制解調(diào)方案

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圖 8 不同距離下磁通信系統(tǒng)的發(fā)射與接收信號(hào)

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圖 9 VLF磁通信系統(tǒng)的通信實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境

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圖 10 環(huán)境噪聲譜密度與相干解調(diào) ASK 通信系統(tǒng)的誤碼率/信噪比分析

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表 1 基于不同機(jī)械天線的低頻通信系統(tǒng)性能

天線類型	f_carrier (Hz)	V_rad (cm³)	ΔB¹⁾	比特率 (bit/s)	通信距離	調(diào)制方式	參考文獻(xiàn)
旋轉(zhuǎn)永磁體	320	–	在3 m處7 nT	12.5	5 m	FSK	[10]
旋轉(zhuǎn)永磁體	440	0.64	在1 m處0.1 μT	214	–	ASK	[16]
壓電諧振型	33 230	～50.24	在6 m處40 fT	60	–	ASK/FSK	[17]
磁電諧振型	27 750	0.04	在6.5 m處43 pT	18 000	6.5 m(接收線圈直徑49 mm)	PSK	[18]
磁電諧振型	18 100	–	在0.5 m處3.8 nT	2 000	0.1m	ASK	[12]
磁電諧振型	21 200	3.38	在1 m處112 nT	300	18 m (接收線圈直徑200 mm)	ASK/PSK	[19]
磁電諧振型	27 200	7.07	在1 m處 B_MAX =165 nT	50	11.4 m(接收線圈直徑50 mm，長(zhǎng)度120 mm)	ASK	本文
¹⁾B_max 表示發(fā)射天線輻射的最大磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度。

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參考文獻(xiàn)(22)

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