昆蟲雷達(dá)散射截面積特性分析

胡程; 方琳琳; 王銳; 周超; 李衛(wèi)東; 張帆; 郎添嬌; 龍騰

doi:10.11999/JEIT190611

昆蟲雷達(dá)散射截面積特性分析

doi: 10.11999/JEIT190611 cstr: 32379.14.JEIT190611

1.
北京理工大學(xué)雷達(dá)技術(shù)研究所北京 100081
2.
北京理工大學(xué)衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航電子信息技術(shù)教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室北京 100081

基金項(xiàng)目: 國家重大科研儀器研制項(xiàng)目(31727901)

詳細(xì)信息

作者簡介:
胡程：男，1981年生，研究員，博士生導(dǎo)師，研究方向?yàn)樾麦w制合成孔徑雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)與信號(hào)處理、生物探測雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)與信息處理技術(shù)等

方琳琳：女，1993年生，博士生，研究方向?yàn)槔走_(dá)目標(biāo)檢測跟蹤算法

王銳：男，1985年生，副教授，博士生導(dǎo)師，研究方向?yàn)槔ハx雷達(dá)信號(hào)處理等

周超：男，1987年生，博士后，研究方向?yàn)槔走_(dá)目標(biāo)檢測跟蹤算法

李衛(wèi)東：男，1991年生，博士生，研究方向?yàn)槔ハx雷達(dá)極化信號(hào)處理

張帆：男，1996年生，博士生，研究方向?yàn)榭罩猩锬繕?biāo)電磁仿真

郎添嬌：女，1994年生，碩士生，研究方向?yàn)榭罩猩锬繕?biāo)電磁仿真

龍騰：男，1968年生，教授，研究方向?yàn)閷?shí)時(shí)信號(hào)與信息處理

通訊作者:
王銳　bit.wangrui@gmail.com

中圖分類號(hào): TN959.4
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- 被引次數(shù): 0
出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2019-08-12
- 修回日期: 2019-11-22
- 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版日期: 2019-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-21

Analysis of Insect RCS Characteristics

1.
Radar Research Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

Funds: The Special Fund for Research on National Major Research Instruments (31727901)

摘要

摘要:
昆蟲雷達(dá)是觀測昆蟲遷飛最有效的工具。研究昆蟲的雷達(dá)散射截面積(RCS)特性對(duì)于昆蟲雷達(dá)目標(biāo)識(shí)別有著重要意義。該文將分析昆蟲的靜態(tài)RCS特性和動(dòng)態(tài)RCS特性。首先，基于實(shí)測的X波段全極化昆蟲RCS數(shù)據(jù)，分析昆蟲的靜態(tài)RCS特性，包括水平和垂直極化RCS隨體重變化規(guī)律以及昆蟲極化方向圖隨體重的變化規(guī)律。其次，總結(jié)當(dāng)前通過電磁仿真研究昆蟲RCS特性所用到的介質(zhì)和幾何形狀模型，并對(duì)比了水、脊髓、干皮膚和殼質(zhì)與血淋巴混合物4種介質(zhì)和等體型扁長橢球體、等質(zhì)量扁長橢球體和三軸橢球體3種幾何模型組成的12種介質(zhì)模型，經(jīng)過電磁仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)相對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)脊髓介質(zhì)等質(zhì)量扁長橢球體模型與實(shí)測昆蟲RCS特性最接近。然后，基于Ku波段高分辨昆蟲雷達(dá)外場實(shí)測昆蟲回波數(shù)據(jù)，分析了昆蟲動(dòng)態(tài)RCS的起伏特性，將實(shí)測昆蟲動(dòng)態(tài)RCS起伏數(shù)據(jù)與4種經(jīng)典的RCS起伏分布模型χ², Log-normal, Weibull和Gamma分布分別進(jìn)行了擬合分析，從最小二乘擬合誤差和擬合優(yōu)度檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以看出，相比于其他3種模型，Gamma分布可以較好地描述昆蟲目標(biāo)RCS起伏的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性。最后，綜述了昆蟲RCS特性在昆蟲雷達(dá)測量昆蟲朝向、體重等參數(shù)測量的應(yīng)用。
- 昆蟲雷達(dá) /
- 昆蟲雷達(dá)散射截面積特性 /
- 電磁仿真 /
- 雷達(dá)散射截面積起伏
Abstract:
Insect radar is the most effective tool for insect migration observation. In order to realize target recognition of insect radar, it is important to study the RCS characteristics of insects. This paper will analyze the static and dynamic Radar Cross Section (RCS) characteristics of insects. Firstly, based on the measured X-band fully-polarimetric RCS data, the static RCS characteristics of insects are analyzed, including the variations of horizontal and vertical polarization RCS with body weight respectively, and the variation of insect polarization pattern with body weight. Secondly, the dielectrics and geometric models currently used to study the RCS characteristics of insects are summarized by electromagnetic simulation. Twelve dielectric models consisting of four dielectrics (including water, spinal cord, dry skin, and chitin and hemolymph mixture) and three geometric models (including equivalent size prolate spheroid, equivalent mass prolate spheroid and triaxial prolate spheroid) are compared, and it be found that the RCS characteristics of equivalent mass prolate spheroid are closest to that of the real insects. Then, the fluctuation characteristics of insect dynamic RCS are analyzed based on the insect echo data measured in field by a Ku-band high-resolution insect radar. The measured insect dynamic RCS fluctuation data are fitted with four classical RCS fluctuation distribution models (χ², Log-normal, Weibull and Gamma distribution), respectively. It can be seen from the least square error of fitting and goodness of fit test that Gamma distribution gives the best description of the statistical characteristics of insect RCS fluctuations. Finally, the application of insect RCS characteristics to insect orientation, mass and body length measurements for insect radars is summarized.
- Insect radar /
- Insect Radar Cross Section (RCS) characteristics /
- Electromagnetic simulation /
- RCS fluctuations

HTML全文

圖 1 RCS與昆蟲體重關(guān)系

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圖 2 實(shí)測昆蟲RCS極化特性

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圖 3 昆蟲目標(biāo)幾何模型

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圖 4 不同模型-介質(zhì)仿真RCS百分比誤差

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圖 5 昆蟲目標(biāo)RCS起伏模型研究流程

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圖 6 昆蟲RCS起伏

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圖 7 昆蟲RCS起伏幅度PDF擬合

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表 1 實(shí)驗(yàn)昆蟲樣本信息

序號(hào)	昆蟲名稱	體長(mm)	體寬(mm)	體重(mg)
1	未辨識(shí)飛蛾1#1	11.1	2.8	25.6
2	未辨識(shí)飛蛾1#2	15.0	3.0	35.5
3	枯葉蛾#1	16.7	4.0	72.2
4	枯葉蛾#2	17.9	5.0	105.0
5	小地老虎	19.5	4.9	218.4
6	霜天蛾	34.8	9.1	319.7
7	未辨識(shí)飛蛾2	22.9	6.8	400.7
8	甘薯天蛾#1	38.9	9.0	530.1
9	甘薯天蛾#2	40.0	12.4	680.4
10	甘薯天蛾#3	36.8	10.2	935.3

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表 2 介質(zhì)密度及相對(duì)介電常數(shù)

介質(zhì)	密度ρ(g/cm³)	X波段相對(duì)介電常數(shù)
水	1.000	60.30-33.10j
脊髓	1.038	23.80-10.84j
干皮膚	1.045	31.30-14.41j
殼質(zhì)與血淋巴混合物	1.260	34.30-18.60j

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表 3 等尺寸橢球體模型質(zhì)量百分比誤差(%)

昆蟲序號(hào)	水	脊髓	干皮膚	殼質(zhì)混合物
1	–77.99	–84.75	–86.00	–124.27
2	–99.12	–106.68	–108.08	–150.88
3	–93.78	–101.14	–102.49	–144.16
4	–123.15	–131.63	–133.19	–181.17
5	–12.25	–16.51	–17.30	–41.43
6	–371.97	–389.91	–393.21	–494.69
7	–38.37	–43.63	–44.59	–74.34
8	–211.23	–223.05	–225.23	–292.14
9	–373.30	–391.29	–394.60	–496.36
10	–114.34	–122.48	–123.98	–170.06
平均誤差	–151.55	–161.11	–162.87	–216.95

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表 4 等質(zhì)量橢球體模型體長百分比誤差(%)

昆蟲序號(hào)	水	脊髓	干皮膚	殼質(zhì)混合物
1	17.48	18.50	18.69	23.60
2	20.51	21.49	21.67	26.41
3	19.79	20.78	20.96	25.74
4	23.48	24.42	24.59	29.15
5	3.78	4.97	5.18	10.91
6	40.38	41.12	41.25	44.80
7	10.26	11.37	11.57	16.91
8	31.51	32.35	32.51	36.59
9	40.44	41.18	41.31	44.86
10	22.44	23.40	23.57	28.19
平均誤差	23.01	23.96	24.13	28.72

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表 5 三軸橢球體模型高度百分比誤差(%)

昆蟲序號(hào)	水	脊髓	干皮膚	殼質(zhì)混合物
1	43.82	45.87	46.23	55.41
2	49.78	51.62	51.94	60.14
3	48.39	50.28	50.62	59.04
4	55.19	56.83	57.12	64.43
5	10.91	14.17	14.75	29.29
6	78.81	79.59	79.72	83.18
7	27.73	30.37	30.84	42.64
8	67.87	69.05	69.25	74.50
9	78.87	79.65	79.78	83.23
10	53.34	55.05	55.35	62.97
平均誤差	51.47	53.25	53.56	61.49

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表 6 等質(zhì)量橢球體模型RCS百分比誤差(%)

介質(zhì)	極化方向平行體軸RCS	極化方向垂直體軸RCS
水	224.3	22.1
脊髓	65.9	19.7
干皮膚	101.2	6.7
殼質(zhì)與血淋巴混合物	68.8	32.8

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表 7 分布函數(shù)表達(dá)式

分布函數(shù)	表達(dá)式	參數(shù)
${\chi ^2}$	$p\left( \sigma \right) = \dfrac{m}{ {\varGamma \left( m \right)\bar \sigma } }{\left[ {\dfrac{ {m\sigma } }{ {\bar \sigma } } } \right]^{m - 1} }\exp \left[ {\dfrac{ { - m\sigma } }{ {\bar \sigma } } } \right]$	$\bar \sigma $為平均值，$2m$為自由度
Log-normal	$p\left( \sigma \right) = \dfrac{1}{{\sigma \sqrt {4{\pi }\ln \rho } }}\exp \left\{ {\dfrac{{ - {{\left( {\ln \sigma - {\sigma _0}} \right)}^2}}}{{4\ln \rho }}} \right\}$	${\sigma _0}$為中值，$\rho $為平均中值比
Gamma	$p\left( \sigma \right) = \dfrac{1}{ { {\beta ^\alpha }\varGamma \left( \alpha \right)} }{\sigma ^{\alpha - 1} }\exp \left( { - \dfrac{\sigma }{\beta } } \right)$	$\alpha $是形狀參數(shù)，$\beta $是尺度參數(shù)
Weibull	$p\left( \sigma \right) = \dfrac{a}{\left( {\dfrac{\sigma }{a}} \right)^{b - 1}}\exp \left( { - {{\left( {\dfrac{\sigma }{a}} \right)}^b}} \right)$	$a$是尺度參數(shù)，$b$是形狀參數(shù)

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表 8 昆蟲RCS起伏PDF分布擬合誤差

昆蟲序號(hào)	RCS起伏樣本點(diǎn)數(shù)	Log-normal	${\chi ^2}$	Gamma	Weibull
1	1500	0.0812	0.3870	0.0747	0.0960
2	1250	0.1288	0.5774	0.1204	0.1307
3	1280	0.0724	0.7709	0.0710	0.1102
4	1340	0.0992	0.5652	0.0960	0.1262
5	1460	0.0861	0.3555	0.0765	0.0903
均值		0.0935	0.5312	0.0877	0.1107

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表 9 昆蟲RCS起伏PDF分布K-S檢驗(yàn)參數(shù)D值

昆蟲序號(hào)	RCS起伏樣本點(diǎn)數(shù)	Log-normal	χ²	Gamma	Weibull
1	1500	0.0221	0.2141	0.0181	0.0370
2	1250	0.0306	0.2045	0.0169	0.0266
3	1280	0.0195	0.2094	0.0096	0.0342
4	1340	0.0211	0.1831	0.0181	0.0356
5	1460	0.0258	0.1583	0.0145	0.0271
均值		0.0238	0.1939	0.0154	0.0321

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